...verb to fill in the blank. The independent variable was the verb used, which were ‘smashed, collided, bumped, hit or contacted’. The whole experiment lasted about an hour and a half and the films were presented to each group in a different order. The results showed that the critical word (smashed, collided, bumped, hit or contacted) in the question influenced the participants speed estimates. When ‘smashed’ was used, participants estimated the cars to be travelling much faster than when ‘contacted’ was used. Loftus and Palmer explained these findings saying that the ‘Memory is altered’ due to the critical word, it changes a person’s memory so they see the accident as less or more severe. They also said that different speed estimates occurred because the critical word influences or biases a person’s response, ‘Response bias’. The second experiment was to present further insights into the origin of the different speed estimates. In particular they wanted to find out if the participant’s memories really had been distorted by the verbal label. 150 student participants viewed a short (1 minute) film which included a 4 second scene of a multiple care accident, and were then questioned about it. The participants were split into 3 groups of 50. The first group was asked: ‘How fast were the cars going when they hit each other?’ The second was asked: ‘How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?’The third group was not asked about the speed of the vehicles.......
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...that amount. Our solar system is at least 500 million years old, and its beginning was a history of violence and chaos. There were about one hundred small new planets orbiting the new Sun. It was inevitable that they would collide into each other and be destroyed. Eventually only the largest planets survived. But the remaining eight planets in our solar system didn’t remain unscathed in the process. For example, something large might have smashed into Mercury, taking its crust and leaving only its iron core. It is believed that something smashed into Earth, and the resulting debris that projected from Earth formed our moon. And Uranus may have collided with a large object, causing it to be knocked onto its side. Orbits are the reason why our planets and solar system are stable. For instance, Earth orbits the Sun every year, Saturn orbits the Sun every 29 years, and Neptune orbits the Sun every 164 years. It is theorized that Uranus and Neptune may be out of place. It is possible that they smashed into rocks and changed orbits. Jupiter is considered Earth’s bodyguard; its placement in the solar system and its gravitational pull keeps asteroids and comets from smashing into Earth. The overall concept of solar systems is that it begins and ends with collisions and destructions. Our Sun will become a red giant, heat up, swell, and engulf the inner planets in about 5 billion years. That will be the end of our solar system as we know it, and the Sun......
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...1998:9). This stage can be explained by Chibnall’s (2001:23) eight Professional imperatives. These imperatives, Immediacy, Dramatization, Personalization, Simplification, Titillation, Conventionalism, Structural Access and Novelty influence reporters to portray crimes in a specific way (Chibnall 2001:23). Summed up by Young (1974:241) newspapers ‘select events which are atypical, present them in a stereotypical fashion and contrast them against a backcloth of normality which is over typical’. For example during the Whitsunday of 1964 in Clacton one news story claimed ‘in one resort, the windows of “all” the dance halls by the beach were smashed’ (Goode 2002:25). Which when first read sounds like a large proportion of windows being smashed, but note that not ‘all of the windows’ were smashed instead ‘windows of all the dance halls were smashed’ a subtle difference that could be easily misremembered and exaggerated by the public, there was only one dance hall and so this sentence was in fact truthful if designed to be a little misleading. The second stage, of prediction, with regards to the events in 1964 come from a mixture of journalists and from the ‘mods and rockers’ themselves. The conflicts between the two rivals occurred in other places such as Margate and Brighton and they expected to reoccur with one youth reported as saying “It will get difficult here and so next year we’ll probably go to Ramsgate or Hastings” (Cohen 1974:39). This kind of reporting led to many......
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...show that leading questions can alter memory depending on its phrasing. Loftus and Palmer formed an opportunity sample consisting of 45 American students separated into 5 groups/conditions (9 in each). They were shown short clips from safety films made for driver education and ranged from 5 to 30 seconds long. Following each clip, the students were asked to answer a questionnaire based on the video they had just seen. The critical question was to do with the speed of the vehicles involved in the collision. Each group was then given a questionnaire to describe the car accident with a certain critical question inserted. Each condition was given the same critical question with a different verb used; about how fast were the cars going when the smashed/ collided/ bumped/ hit/contacted into each other? The independent variable was the wording of the critical question and the dependent variable was the estimated speed from the participants. They found that as the intensity of the verb grew, so did the resultant estimated speed from the participants. Loftus and Palmer concluded that based on their schemas of the verbs, the participants estimated higher speeds because the intensity of the verb led them to estimate higher or lower speeds. Due to the implications of the Loftus and Palmer study, this experiment will attempt to re-create and verify the results. The experiment will try to replicate the conditions in the Loftus and Palmer experiment as much as possible. Null Hypothesis:......
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...that really caught my attention (partially because it’s the first thing you see in the Kurt exhibit) was Hadley and Maxwell’s sound booth. It was an interesting set up to give the feeling of being in Kurt Cobain shoes. I was slightly confused by the studio-feeling of the booth combined with the sound of a cheering crowd playing, but nonetheless still a cool feeling piece that gave the impression of what Cobain experienced when he went onstage. As I moved through the exhibit I came across a smashed-apart drum set covered in stalagmites. The piece was titled “Deathstar Memorial” by Banks Violette. This piece was the perfect epitome of what Nirvana was all about and the dark feelings that they conveyed to their fans and the feelings that were present (even still today) about the tragic death of Cobain himself. The piece was cool because it gave the impression that it had been broken apart for a while and the stalagmites had grown onto the drum set, as if when Cobain died Nirvana was smashed apart and then the set was left to let nature takes its course. Then, moving forward I came to Sam Durant’s “Upside Down and Backwards Completely Unburna” which was a series of speakers surrounding a platform each playing a different Nirvana song simultaneously. This completely reminded me of Hadley and Maxwell’s installation based on “Sympathy for the Devil” that had the Rolling Stones playing simultaneously with a garage band. When I heard the idea during their artist talk I was very......
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...adviser. I wasn't kicking myself because I missed out on an affordable Banksy. I was kicking myself because I missed out on a whopping profit. And seeing all those flash silver cars from Frieze art fair chauffeuring VIPs around London to yet another champagne reception, one can readily see his point. Contemporary art has become the purest expression of modern capitalism, embodying that irritating amoral dictum: something is worth what someone is prepared to pay for it. Over at Tate Britain, they are staging an exhibition of British iconoclasm. Beginning at the Reformation, the exhibition tells the story of art under attack, of smashed statues and defaced paintings. Originally, of course, iconoclasm was a religious phenomenon. Abraham's father, Terah, was an idol-maker from Ur. One day Terah left the young Abraham in charge of his shop, whereupon he smashed all the idols with a stick. "It was terrible," Abraham explained to his father. "The small idols got hungry and they started fighting for food and finally the large idol got angry and broke them into pieces." Terah didn't believe him. "Idols don't get hungry, they don't get angry, they don't speak – they're just idols." Abraham smiled, knowingly. "Then why do you worship them?" he replied. This famous Jewish midrash is not in the Bible, but explains something of the deep biblical hostility to idolatry. Here are the emotional origins of monotheism. And, taking things one step further, perhaps the emotional origins of......
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...MANUSCRIPT Hello everyone, my name is Nikolaj Bisgaard and I am an 18-year-old student from London. I have been invited to this conference to talk about riots. I want to talk about the reasons for the riots, which found place in London, and come with suggestions to prevent similar situations. The reason to the riots The reason to the riots in Tottenham were because of that an Afro-Caribbean man was killed by police, and the cops didn’t notify his family or provide a particularly convincing version of his death, but the riots in London had no link to the Tottenham riots, they just wanted to smash something and they just waited for an excuse. And they got their excuse, and they smashed a lot of buildings and stores. For underprivileged young people in Britain today, “there’s a sense of hopelessness,” says David Lammy, the M.P. from Tottenham, who was sounding the alarm about violent unrest months before the riots. “At the same time this happened in Tottenham, we got the best [school test] results that we’ve ever had. Those young people, they need to know that they can make it. The jobs need to be there. The prospect of going to university needs to be there.” I understand David Lammy, because the youngsters are forced to go to school, especially by their parents. And the young people want to know that it is good for the future and that it will help them get a good payed job. What can be done to prevent similar situations in the future? So what can be done to prevent......
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...Police Report University of Phoenix CJA 363: Interpersonal Communications Police Report 2 Introduction Police reports serve as a valuable information gathering tool. They are heavily relied upon for their accuracy and accountability of all events that took place at the incident. The report is taken as soon as the responding officer arrives at the scene. There are several pieces of information that must be gathered in order to produce a report that will be used to account for the incidents that have taken place. Who Upon my arrival to the Marquette Market it was obvious that a burglary had taken place. I observed that the rear door had been smashed in and it was severely damaged and upon my entrance into the store the cash register had also been damaged. In the cash register there was $7.83 in cash and two checks with one being $10.00 and the other for $5.80. I also found the instrument that was used to commit these acts but, it had been wiped down and free of any fingerprints. Mr. Waters stated that he had seen Ronald Riff in the area around 12:20 a.m. He was carrying a money bag. He dropped two dollars from the bag also. At this time Ronald Riff was wearing blue jeans and a blue band jacket. What At the seen there was a hammer and Riff had been known to frequent the market and due to this. The evidence was able to make Riff a person of interest for the burglary......
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...WE NEVER NOTICE THEM Dusk had fallen and we were surrounded. I stared out the window out onto the fields of corpses; they stared back up at me. They were swarming and pushing forward, pressing from all sides against the tiny cottage we were sheltering in. Our time for running had come to an end. A cry from downstairs snapped me out of my stupor. I rushed downwards, gripping my shotgun with sweaty palms. The noise down here was horrendous; the dead groaned and screamed and smashed endlessly against our barricades. They would not hold out much longer. Tania turned to me with a panicked look, “How does it look out there?” She asked desperately. She looked closely at my expression and turned back to the barricades, her answer didn’t need words. There was a loud crack as the one of the window barricades smashed and fell uselessly onto the floor. Through the hole a man’s face appeared and looked at us with a white glazed eye, his cheek was torn and hung loosely off his face. I dropped the shotgun and rushed to take a crowbar off the kitchen table. I reached the window just as the intruder attempted to climb through the gap and swung the crowbar at his head. There was a sickening crunch and his body sank to the floor. Behind me I heard other windows cracking open. They swarmed into the house. I hit another zombie as he tried to get through the gap and spun around to grab the shotgun. There was an incredibly loud bang as Tania’s gun went off, demolishing the face of a zombie...
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...Jacqueline Saburido. This was the young lady that was involved in a car accident and practically burned alive due to a drunk driver. She was on her way home from a birthday party with some of her friends. Just then a young 17 yr old boy who was headed home from a party with his friends smashed into her car due to alcohol. Two friends died on the scene and two were rescued, but poor Jacqui was pinned in the front of the car unable to move. The car caught fire in just minutes after the impact. Over sixty percent of her body was burned and to this day she has gone over fifty operations in order to survive. To begin with, I will explain a personal story. Next, the statistics that go along with drunk driving and accident are remarkable. But there are ways that you can help prevent it. I. An incident happened just this year on the night of Halloween. A. Sitting at home that night watching the movie Halloween with my family and girlfriend. 1.Just minutes after the movie ended there was this loud bang out front. It literally sounded like someone had ran into one of our cars in the driveway. We look out the front window and see that across the street there was a Jeep Cherokee that had smashed into a tree. We all ran out to see if everyone was ok and my mom was calling for an ambulance. The two people in the car were a complete mess. They were so freaking wasted that 15-20 minutes after the accident the firefighters found out that there was......
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...combinations. For most organic conditioners, the popular choice is to use a base of plain organic yogurt. If you do decide to use a yogurt base, keep in mind that the following information is for one to two applications of conditioning only. Yogurt based conditioners can be kept in the fridge for a couple of days but they are not typically a homemade product that you can let sit for long periods of time. Here are some Organic homemade yogurt based Conditioner recipes. * Strengthening: Combine 1/4oz organic plain yogurt, 1 egg yolk and the zest of two lemons. * Create Texture: Combine 1/4oz organic plain yogurt, 1 egg yolk and one smashed Avocado. * Dandruff Control: Combine 1/4oz organic plain yogurt, 1/4 cup Coconut oil and 3 tablespoons Lime juice. * Extra Moisturizing: Combine 4oz organic plain yogurt, 1 smashed banana and 1/2 cup honey. Leave mixture on for up to 40 minutes for a weekly organic conditioning treatment. Making your own organic hair care at home can be an easy, fun and cheaper way to take care of your hair at home. The most important thing to remember is to have fun with experimenting with different combinations until you find the best overall product for your hair type and your lifestyle. ...
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...in inherited money, he lives a life decadence and luxuries. Tom has a really domineering personality and is unable to restrain his indulgences for lavish goods and women. Tom's love for wealth is described by Jordan Baker when she tells Nick about Daisy's wedding, "... She married Tom Buchanan of Chicago with more pomp... then Louisville had ever seen. He came with a hundred people in four private cars and hired a whole floor of the Seelbach Hotel, and the day before the wedding he gave her a string of pearls worth three hundred and fifty thousand dollar." (Fitzgerald 82) Tom is described to be cold hearted, shallow and the type of person who doesnt care about anything but himself. Tom's reckless and violent nature is described when he, "Smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into [his] money." (Fitzgerald 187-188) Tom has no purpose in life other than to enjoy his wealth with self indulgence. Tom's negative attitude towards races is shown throughout the novel, "It's up to us, who are the dominant race, to watch out or these other races will have control of things"( Fitzgerald 16) The quote shows Tom's racism, and his need to dominate people. The reader can easily see that Tom has his own set of unique ideals and beliefs, differing from those of Gatsby. There is a remarkable difference between Tom and Gatsby. Gatsby possess a kind, caring, and passionate personality. He was born in a poor family, " his parents were shiftless and unsuccessful farm......
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...To find out ‘how accurately people can remember the details of a complex event.’ Abstract: This study is a replication of Loftus and Palmer (1974) original study on how a different verb in the question used to ask for the speed of the car affected the participants’ estimate on the speeds of the car crash. In this experiment, three videos were shown to them and they were asked a series of questions including how fast the car was when it smashed/contacted each other. The participants are teenage students from an international school in Hong Kong. It is hypothesized that the word ‘smash’ would cause a higher estimate in speed than the word ‘contacted’. Speed estimates for ‘smashed’ were in fact slower overall than ‘contacted’, a discussion on why the results were not replicated is included. The results from this experiment did not conform with the original study so they are inconclusive. (136) Contents: Introduction 1 Design 1 Participants 1 Procedure 2 Results and Conclusion 2 Discussion 3 References 4 Appendix 1 4 Appendix 2 6 Appendix 3 7 Appendix 4 8 Introduction: Loftus and Palmer (1974) believed that our memory depended on the reconstruction of an event in our mind when we try to remember. So they created an experiment where participants were asked to view videos of car crashes and recall the speed they think the cars were traveling at time of collision. The aim was to find out how accurately people can remember the......
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...figure, steps in and asked,” Which is better-to have rules and agree, or to hunt and agree?”(180). While Piggy was talking, Robert, a member of Jack’s group, dislodged a giant rock onto Piggy." The rock struck Piggy a glancing blow from chin to knee: the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist. Piggy, saying nothing, with no time for even a grunt, traveled through the air sideways from the rock, turning over as he went. Piggy fell 40 feet and landed on his back across the the square red rock in the sea. His head opened and stuff came out and turned red. Piggy's arms and legs twitched a bit, like a pigs after it has been killed."(181). When Piggy dies, the conch is smashed, signifying all the order and control and civilization in the story. Once the conch is smashed all chance of civility is gone to the point of no return. This also marks the end of rational thinking due to the fact that Piggy is the voice of reason. In Lord of the Flies, when Ralph is finally rescued, he realizes that, although he is saved from death on the island, he will never be the same again. He has lost his innocence and learned about the evil that lurks within all human beings. Ralph was crying for the death of his friend, because Piggy ultimately represented the last of the good that was left on the island. With his death, there was nothing left but the darkness of human nature....
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...of the labor market? The impact on supply and demand was critical in the Luddite revolt. It all begins in 1779 when the failure of a Bill to regulate the frame-knitting industry had resulted in 300 frames being smashed and thrown into the streets. This is where the shortage of the supply begins. Then, by 1810 the Orders in Council and a change in fashion had led to deterioration in the standard of craftsmanship required in stocking making and a consequent cheapening of the trade. It was the attempt to intimidate some masters who brought in the new machines that caused Nottingham stocking knitters to smash the machines. (http://www.victorianweb.org/history/riots/luddites.html) Then the impact on the demand of Stocking knitting became predominantly a domestic industry, the stockier renting his frame from the Master and working in his own 'shop' using thread given to him by the Master; the finished items were handed back to the Master to sell. The frames were therefore scattered round the villages; this cause the demand to increase it then became easy for the Luddites to smash a frame and then disappear. Between March 1811 and February 1812 the supply of frames had been affected. About a thousand machines at the cost of between 6,000 and 10,000 were smashed. This had a damaging impact on the supply and demand (http://www.victorianweb.org/history/riots/luddites.html) Explain the factors that affected labor demand and labor supply in the chosen historical example. The...
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